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Georges Oltramare
Georges Oltramare (born April 17, 1896 in Geneva - died August 16, 1960 in Geneva) was a Swiss author and fascist politician who became involved in collaboration in Nazi-occupied France.
Born into a leading Geneva family, he obtained a ''demi-licence'' in law at the University of Geneva in 1919.〔Philip Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890''〕 He became a noted author, winning the Foundation Schiller prize for his 1927 novel ''Don Juan ou la Solitude'' and also wrote for a number of right wing journals, specifically ''Le Pilori'', which specialized in anti-Semitism.〔 He began direct involvement in politics in 1931 when he set up the ''Order Politique Nationale'', merging this with the ''Union de Défense Economique'' to form the ''Union Nationale'' the following year.〔 This fascist movement, which represented the country's French population, gained little support, although Oltramare was invited to participate in the anti-communist ''Entente Nationale Genevoise'' with more conservative parties in 1936.〔Rainer Baudendistel, ''Between Bombs and Good Intentions: The Red Cross and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936'', Berghahn Books, 2006, p. 23〕 He remained leader of the ''Union Nationale'' until 1940 when he left the country to settle in German-occupied France.〔
Adopting the pseudonym Charles Dieudonné, Oltramare took up his pen in support of the Nazis, eventually becoming director of ''La France au Travail'', a German-funded newspaper aimed at converting the country's trade unionists and former communists to the Nazi cause. Also writing for ''L'Appel'' and ''Revivre'', as well as broadcasting on Radio Paris, Oltramare even survived an assassination attempt on the Champs-Élysées.〔
He left France in August 1944 for Sigmaringen, eventually returning to Switzerland in April 1945. Arrested for compromising Switzerland's independence, he spent the next few years in and out detention before being freed in 1952.〔 He went on to live in Spain and Egypt, where he briefly worked as a propagandist for the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser, before returning to Switzerland where he was allowed to revive ''Le Pilori'', which this time combined Poujadism with anti-Semitism.〔 Notwithstanding a sentence of death that had been passed on him by a French court in 1950 Oltramare died of natural causes in Geneva.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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